They'll teach you everything they know. Flowers and sunshine. In other words, a neighborhood oasis. Welcome to medieval Europe.
Party on, squire. Craft beer! Pub food! Outdoor space! Always delicious. For the bold and curious. No questions asked. Not Central Park! Not Prospect Park! It's Inwood famous. All in the seating. Not your everyday bodega. New York style.
Through the 17th century, Native Americans known as the Lenape Delawares inhabited the area. There is evidence of a main encampment along the eastern edge of the park.
The Lenape relied on both the Hudson and Harlem Rivers as sources for food. In the Peter Minuit Post of the American Legion dedicated a plaque at the southwest corner of the ballfield at th Street to mark the location of a historic tree and a legendary real estate transaction. A living link with the local Indians who resided in the area, a magnificent tulip tree stood and grew on that site for years until its death in The celebrated sale has also been linked to sites in Lower Manhattan.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, colonists from Europe settled and farmed here. During the Revolutionary War, American forces built a five-sided earthwork fort known as Fort Cock or Fort Cox in the northwestern corner of the park.
It fell to British and Hessian troops in November and was held until the war ended in The history of Inwood Hill, like that of the surrounding city, is fascinating and can be broken down into several periods:. An ancient, magical place seemingly removed from modern Manhattan. Pre Native Lenape use the current park site as a seasonal camp. Today visitors to the park can view caves once used by the Lenape. Oyster shells from long forgotten Native feasts can be found under foot throughout the park.
Today a bronze plaque affixed to a large rock marks the site of the transaction. Today all that remains of Cock Fort Hill is a rocky outcropping on the north summit of the ridge where cannon were once trained to the north and east.
Members of the downtown merchant class begin to build summer residences in the newly accessible area. According to an account published by C. Benjamin Richardson in the railroads inexplicably changed the sign at the local crossing. In the absence of wealthy residents, Inwood Hill is given over to institutions and asylums. For decades it remains a bleak and desolate place of incarceration and suffering. The plan was later abandoned. Exploration of the caves unearths countless Native American artifacts.
This imposing home for wayward girls is the first of three institutions to open in what will later become Inwood Hill Park. Assistant Engineer Doerflinger had it removed with great care, and it was found to be in a great state of preservation. It was four feet long and six inches in diameter at the larger end. The tusk was sent to the curator of the geological department of the Museum of Natural History, New York. June 17, The Harlem Ship Canal opens for marine traffic after decades of construction.
Local residents opposed the establishment of a home for tuberculosis patients in their own backyard. The institution is closed in after several of the girls succumb to mercury poisoning during treatments to cure venereal diseases. The building will later house the Jewish Memorial Hospital. New York Herald, July 21, Think the Central Park Summerstage on a much grander scale, with bleachers lining the hill creating a Coliseum-like view. May 8, : Inwood Hill Park officially opens.
Native Americans participate in the opening ceremonies attended by more than 1, New Yorkers. Newspapers noted that the majority of the spectators were children.
All told the City spends slightly over five million dollars on the land acquired from property owners and condemnation proceedings. The fill is to extend to the U. Trails are blazed and widened and near century old homes are destroyed in an effort to return the park to Nature. The plan suggested by Mr. Jules V. Burgevin, Landscape Architect of the Park Board, was carried out largely through the use of the three-day-a-week men employed under a special appropriation by the City to provide work for the unemployed.
This was especially the case in Riverside, Fort Washington and Inwood Hill Parks, there being no hydrants on the park side of Riverside Drive, therefore the watering of trees had to be done with the use of water barrels and tanks on horse-drawn trucks.
According to legend, it was under the ancient tulip that Native Americans traded the Island of Manhattan for a handful of trinkets and Guilders. After Parks Department workers clear away the undergrowth, geologists examine the site. Experts determine the phenomenon was the result of a glacial retreat tens of thousands of years ago.
The book is later made into a film. The activities were jointly managed by Parks Department play leaders, as well as staff from the Board of Education. The programs consisted of games, nature and geology studies, arts and crafts, story telling, drama, and community singing among various activities, and children were provided free transportation and lunch. Amazingly, construction lasts just one year and the project, under the leadership of Robert Moses, comes in under budget.
June 11, : Parks Department announces plan to use landfill to add 24 acres of land to the park in an area now commonly known as the Gaelic field. Adjacent to the yacht basin will be a new clubhouse and roadways and a parking area capable of taking care of cars. There will be an additional large recreational area including a baseball diamond. The whole plan is pleasing in appearance, will be well landscaped and amply provided with walks and roadways.
Sex Distribution. Botfly Occurrence Rate. Mildly Infected with Parasites. Heavily Infected with Parasites. Botfly Parasitism. Bot flies are common parasites of the Peromyscus Leucopus, or more commonly known as the white-footed mouse. The Macaulay students at Baruch College who also produced this wiki page , led by their Professor, Jason Munshi-South, have traveled to Inwood Hill Park to investigate the extent of infections that bot flies can make on the white-footed mouse.
A similar study was done by Professor Michael J. Cramer and Guy N. Cameron at the University of Cincinnati whose goal was to investigate the effects of the parasites on the mice and also how long these mice survive. The parasitism on the white-footed mice was measured by the rate in which the parasitism occurred, the number of parasites on each infected mouse, and how scattered the parasites were on each mouse clumped or random. The study also searched for spatial and temporal patterns.
After analyzing the relationship between the mice and the parasites, it was found that the infected mice were able to live longer on the trapping grids than uninfected ones. Overall, it was found that the infections were clumped on these mice but when looking at simultaneous infections, it was found that the parasites were randomly distributed.
Most of the white-footed mice had single infections; however, re-infections were not rare at all. This led to bimodal patterns of parasitism. The rate of occurrence was not at all correlated with the density, sex ratio, or proportion reproductive. However, there was a major relationship between the number of parasites on each infected mouse and density and sex ratio. All these results show that bot flies are random on their hosts, in this case the white-footed mouse, and also that the hosts show tolerance up to a level for the bot fly parasitism.
In conclusion, bot fly does not seem to have a drastic influence on the white-footed mouse, and it does not have a threatening effect on the ecology of Inwood Hill Park. In terms of its geology, Inwood is rather interesting. Since about a million years ago glaciers covered the entire New York metropolitan area, there is still evidence of glacial grooves and glacial potholes within the park.
These groves and potholes were formed by a glacier, which when melting and receding, created swirling water streams that carried gravel and rocks that drilled holes over a period of thousands of years. Beaches were another relatively common part of Inwood, though today there is only one small beach located next to the railroad trestle at the junction of the Hudson River and the Harlem River Ship Canal. The oldest bedrock unit is the Fordham Gneiss, which is overlain by the Inwood Marble.
The Inwood is overlain by various schistose rocks collectively designated as the Manhattan Schist. Fordham Gneiss. It contains Proterozoic ortho- and paragneiss, granitoid rocks, metavolcanic- and metasedimentary rocks.
Inwood Marble. The Inwood consists of Paleozoic calcitic and dolomitic marble. Manhattan Schist. The Manhattan Schist consists of Paleozoic massive rusty- to sometimes maroon-weathering, medium- to coarse-textured, biotite-muscovite-plagioclase-quartz-garnet-kyanite-sillimanite gneiss. All three bedrock units Fordham, Inwood, and Manhattan are exposed in the vicinity of Inwood park.
The ridge top of Inwood Hill Park still retains its topographic configuration, but the shapes of the surrounding landfill have been altered by landfills that raise the surface.
The ball fields and Gaelic Field on the east side of the park were created with landfill from the IND subway construction in the s. Glacial Activity. Even though today Inwood is the only place with a natural forest and salt marsh found in Manhattan, the land actually once lay beneath an enormous sheet of slow moving ice. The last ice age began about 1. During the beginning of the Pleistocene period global temperatures dropped drastically and huge masses of snow and ice formed in and around the Arctic.
These large masses of snow sometimes were even as thick as two miles. The massive weight of the ice sheet caused great pressure towards the bottom causing the snow underneath to solidify, in turn creating a surface on which glaciers could travel on. Most of the changes in Manhattan and especially Inwood were actually created by the Wisconsin ice sheet.
The Wisconsin ice sheet started moving south from the Arctic around , years ago. It reached the area which is now New York approximately 50, years later. Around this time, the Wisconsin ice sheet had already lost some of its size, though it was still an astonishing feet thick and extended all the way from Massachusetts to Montana.
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