There are several types of bipolar and related disorders. They may include mania or hypomania and depression. Symptoms can cause unpredictable changes in mood and behavior, resulting in significant distress and difficulty in life. Bipolar II disorder is not a milder form of bipolar I disorder, but a separate diagnosis. While the manic episodes of bipolar I disorder can be severe and dangerous, individuals with bipolar II disorder can be depressed for longer periods, which can cause significant impairment.
Although bipolar disorder can occur at any age, typically it's diagnosed in the teenage years or early 20s. Symptoms can vary from person to person, and symptoms may vary over time. Mania and hypomania are two distinct types of episodes, but they have the same symptoms.
Mania is more severe than hypomania and causes more noticeable problems at work, school and social activities, as well as relationship difficulties. Mania may also trigger a break from reality psychosis and require hospitalization.
A major depressive episode includes symptoms that are severe enough to cause noticeable difficulty in day-to-day activities, such as work, school, social activities or relationships. An episode includes five or more of these symptoms:. Signs and symptoms of bipolar I and bipolar II disorders may include other features, such as anxious distress, melancholy, psychosis or others.
The timing of symptoms may include diagnostic labels such as mixed or rapid cycling. In addition, bipolar symptoms may occur during pregnancy or change with the seasons. Symptoms of bipolar disorder can be difficult to identify in children and teens. It's often hard to tell whether these are normal ups and downs, the results of stress or trauma, or signs of a mental health problem other than bipolar disorder.
Children and teens may have distinct major depressive or manic or hypomanic episodes, but the pattern can vary from that of adults with bipolar disorder. And moods can rapidly shift during episodes. Some children may have periods without mood symptoms between episodes.
The most prominent signs of bipolar disorder in children and teenagers may include severe mood swings that are different from their usual mood swings. Despite the mood extremes, people with bipolar disorder often don't recognize how much their emotional instability disrupts their lives and the lives of their loved ones and don't get the treatment they need.
And if you're like some people with bipolar disorder, you may enjoy the feelings of euphoria and cycles of being more productive. However, this euphoria is always followed by an emotional crash that can leave you depressed, worn out — and perhaps in financial, legal or relationship trouble. If you have any symptoms of depression or mania, see your doctor or mental health professional. Bipolar disorder doesn't get better on its own. Getting treatment from a mental health professional with experience in bipolar disorder can help you get your symptoms under control.
Suicidal thoughts and behavior are common among people with bipolar disorder. If you have thoughts of hurting yourself, call or your local emergency number immediately, go to an emergency room, or confide in a trusted relative or friend. If you have a loved one who is in danger of suicide or has made a suicide attempt, make sure someone stays with that person.
Call or your local emergency number immediately. Or, if you think you can do so safely, take the person to the nearest hospital emergency room. Factors that may increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder or act as a trigger for the first episode include:. Left untreated, bipolar disorder can result in serious problems that affect every area of your life, such as:.
If you have bipolar disorder, you may also have another health condition that needs to be treated along with bipolar disorder. Finding the right treatment can take some time. Talk to your doctor if any medication causes unwanted side effects. There are other options you can try. These are some movies and TV shows that included a character with bipolar disorder and did it well.
More representation can normalize a condition and…. From divulging during your first session to things you can do during and after additional visits, Healthline offers 10 tips for making the most of…. From structuring your day to staying active, here are seven ways to boost your mood during a depressive episode. Here are some factors to consider before talking with your doctor about trying a different treatment plan for bipolar disorder.
Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. What Causes Bipolar Disorder? Medically reviewed by Timothy J. Legg, Ph.
Mood episodes are categorized into: manic hypomanic depressive These mood episodes are marked by a distinct change in behavior. The three most common types are: Bipolar I disorder. Manic episodes last at least seven days at a time. Symptoms can be so intense a person may need hospitalization. Depressive episodes that last at least two weeks may also occur. Bipolar II disorder. This type has a pattern of depressive and hypomanic episodes without any intense manic episodes.
It may be misdiagnosed as depression. Cyclothymic disorder. This is a milder form of bipolar disorder. It involves alternating episodes of hypomania and depression. It lasts at least two years in adults and one year in children and adolescents. Your doctor may diagnose you with another type of bipolar disorder, such as: substance induced medical related unspecified bipolar disorder These types may share similar symptoms , but they have different episode lengths. Biological abnormalities can affect the brain.
Environmental and lifestyle factors. Age, gender, and hormonal factors. It involves hypomania and depression, but the changes are less intense. Learn more about the bipolar spectrum. A medical professional will diagnose bipolar disorder using criteria set out in the DSM The National Institue of Mental Health NIMH explain that in order to receive a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, a person must have had symptoms for at least 7 days , or less if symptoms were severe enough to need hospitalization.
They may also have had a depressive episode lasting at least 2 weeks. To receive a diagnosis of bipolar II, a person will have experienced at least one cycle of hypomania and depression. A doctor may carry out a physical examination and some diagnostic tests, including blood and urine tests, to help rule out other causes.
It can be challenging for a doctor to diagnose bipolar disorder, as people are more likely to seek help with a low mood than a high mood. As a result, it can be hard for them to distinguish it from depression. If the person has psychosis, a doctor may misdiagnose their condition as schizophrenia. Some antidepressants can trigger mania in susceptible people.
A person who receives a diagnosis of bipolar disorder has a lifelong diagnosis. They may enjoy long periods of stability, but they will always live with the condition. Learn more here about bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia.
The goal is to help the person function effectively in daily life. It can take time to get a correct diagnosis and find a suitable treatment, as individuals react differently, and symptoms vary widely. Here, get some tips on how to cope. Drug treatments can help stabilize mood and manage symptoms. A doctor will often prescribe a combination of:. The doctor may need to adjust the medication over time.
Some drugs have side effects, and they can affect individuals differently. If an individual has concerns about their drug treatment, they should talk to their doctor. Through cognitive-behavior therapy CBT and other approaches, the individual can learn to:.
These steps can help a person maintain positive relationships at home and work. For children and teens with bipolar disorder, a doctor may recommend family therapy. Find out more about treatments for bipolar depression. Some people may need to spend time in the hospital if there is a risk of them harming themselves or others. Some people use supplements, but it is essential to discuss this with a doctor first.
Some alternative remedies can interact with the drugs used for bipolar disorder. They may make symptoms worse. Get some tips here on taking care of a parent with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder appears to result from a combination of factors.
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